bathroom design
bathroom design discusses how the design of bathrooms and toilets affects inmates’ privacy when they are unsteady, visually impaired, or suffering from dementia. From earlier studies and observations, the bathroom design environments is a very important factor in users’ independence when going to the toilet.
The article does not discuss issues concerning the accessibility of toilets and washbasins for people who can stand without support, nor the use of diapers. It includes the historical analysis of the trends of privacy in toileting and the study of the design of bathrooms in 20 Norwegian nursing homes.
The findings indicate that expectations regarding the privacy of toileting first appeared with the processes of industrialization, democratization, and hygienic modernization of Western societies. Traditional homes often lack designs that support privacy, ranging from adjustable toilets to holders for crutches/walking sticks, flushing mechanisms reachable from a seated position, or toilets that could be visible from the residents’ beds. Similarly, inadequate contrast, unreachable toilet paper, soap dispensers, and paper towels from the line of sight and seated position, respectively, are also joined to the long list, which increases with the lack of handles and adjustable sinks, with over 70 cm between the toilet and sinks.
bathroom bill
bathroom bill many states of the United States have come to be accommodating of persons who are LGBTQ+, and hence have put up some bills that single out transgender people, mainly about restroom use, termed by many as “bathroom bill“. Building on previous scholarship on transphobic attitudes, current research examines the relationships among religious fundamentalism, social dominance orientation, and attitudes toward transgender people.
To test these associations, a sample of 282 college students was used to test the links by applying a multinomial logistic regression. Religious fundamentalism and social dominance orientation were, overall, associated with higher levels of transphobia. Furthermore, transphobic attitudes are significantly associated with both less probability of voting for ‘no’ or ‘not voting’ on the bathroom bill and with a greater probability of ‘yes’ voting. Critical consciousness is associated with an increased probability of ‘no’ voting. Even more interesting is the fact that, at higher steps of transphobia, those with higher critical consciousness will be more likely to vote ‘no’.
In this article, and like the previous study, driven by structural stigma theory, we assessed progressive to progressive mental health impact in a sample of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse (TNG) and cisgender lesbian, gay, bathroom design bisexual, queer (LGBQ) adults (N = 523) in the weeks leading up to and after a state referendum intended to roll back non-discrimination legislation.
The pre-election study developed a path model to explore the relationship between individual (TNG identity and history of gender-based abuse), interpersonal (familiarity with the referendum, related exposure, and messages seen, social support), and mental health (referendum-related anxiety and depressive symptoms) variables. We found the influence of a TNG identity and history of gender-based victimization on mental health outcomes to be fully mediated by referendum-related anxiety in explaining a 40% variance of depressive symptoms.
Post-election, the subsample of 117 participants was analyzed to identify differences that occurred between pre- and post-election. There were no significant effects of identification as a TNG person or victimization on post-election mental health, but the participants’ anxiety and depressive complaints due to the referendum were significantly lower in such that loyal to their rights based on gender post-election, following the referendum vote that protected their rights based on gender.
The clinical take-home message is that sexual and gender minorities respond in such a way to these legislations that could contribute to exacerbating symptoms of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Individuals with a lifetime experience of gender-based victimization are more vulnerable to these mental health problems.
bathroom styles
bathroom styles Western standards, traditionally based on hygiene, are changing dramatically. Whereas development related to kitchens has been well documented, changes to the contemporary bathroom have not been given the same level of attention. This article discusses the change in bathroom design.
use, and meaning of the Danish bathroom, tracing developments that have occurred over time but focusing on contemporary trends. The bathroom is understood as a space in flux, influenced by several factors. It uses the regime as an ordering principle in the narrative and emphasizes changes in physical layouts, practices, and perceptions.
This paper is based on a literature review, media analysis, visits to exhibitions, and qualitative interviews. bathroom styles theorizes the historical developments of bathrooms in Denmark and how new trends are related to concrete renovation practices, with special attention paid to how well-being reshapes traditional hygiene standards. We found the influence of a TNG identity and history of gender-based victimization on mental health outcomes to be fully mediated by referendum-related anxiety in explaining a 40% variance of depressive symptoms. To test these associations, a sample of 282 college students was used to test the links by applying a multinomial logistic regression. Religious fundamentalism and social dominance orientation were, overall, associated with higher levels of transphobia.
